Journal: Npj Acoustics

Article Title: Ultrasound modulates microglial activity and reduces neuroinflammation in a parameter-dependent manner

doi: 10.1038/s44384-026-00047-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: A In vitro experiments were performed by culturing cells in CellCrown™ inserts mounted on a polystyrene film within a latex-sealed device filled with media. The device was placed above three unfocused transducers and submerged in degassed water to ensure acoustic coupling. The transducers were driven by a 4-channel signal generator controlled by a PC software to modulate acoustic pressure, pulse repetition frequency, duty cycle, and treatment duration. B In vivo experiments were performed with a 0.5 MHz focused transducer mounted on a 3D positioning system. The transducer was coupled to the head via a water-filled cone and parafilm-bottomed bath containing deionised water, with ultrasound gel applied for acoustic coupling. Ultrasound pulses were emitted from the transducer driven by a function generator through a 50-dB power amplifier. C The whole mouse brain was treated with ultrasound by moving the transducer within a grid of 8.52 × 14.98 mm in size. Figures were created with Fusion 360, BioRender and Figma.

Article Snippet: A single-element spherical focused ultrasound transducer (centre frequency 0.5 MHz; focal depth: 39.49 mm, active diameter: 22.60 mm, part number: H-107; Sonic Concepts, Bothwell, WA, USA) was used to emit the ultrasound (Fig. ).

Techniques: In Vitro, Software, In Vivo, Ultrasound Gel